I was quite stuck when trying to make my script redirect the client to another URL and then continue processing. The reason was php-fpm. All possible buffer flushes did not work, unless I called fastcgi_finish_request();
For example:
<?php
// redirecting...
ignore_user_abort(true);
header("Location: ".$redirectUrl, true);
header("Connection: close", true);
header("Content-Length: 0", true);
ob_end_flush();
flush();
fastcgi_finish_request(); // important when using php-fpm!
sleep (5); // User won't feel this sleep because he'll already be away
// do some work after user has been redirected
?>
Connection handling
Internally in PHP a connection status is maintained. There are 3 possible states:
- 0 - NORMAL
- 1 - ABORTED
- 2 - TIMEOUT
When a PHP script is running normally the NORMAL state, is active. If the remote client disconnects the ABORTED state flag is turned on. A remote client disconnect is usually caused by the user hitting his STOP button. If the PHP-imposed time limit (see set_time_limit()) is hit, the TIMEOUT state flag is turned on.
You can decide whether or not you want a client disconnect to cause
your script to be aborted. Sometimes it is handy to always have your
scripts run to completion even if there is no remote browser receiving
the output. The default behaviour is however for your script to be
aborted when the remote client disconnects. This behaviour can be
set via the ignore_user_abort php.ini directive as well as through
the corresponding php_value ignore_user_abort Apache
httpd.conf directive or
with the ignore_user_abort() function. If you do
not tell PHP to ignore a user abort and the user aborts, your script
will terminate. The one exception is if you have registered a shutdown
function using register_shutdown_function(). With a
shutdown function, when the remote user hits his STOP button, the
next time your script tries to output something PHP will detect that
the connection has been aborted and the shutdown function is called.
This shutdown function will also get called at the end of your script
terminating normally, so to do something different in case of a client
disconnect you can use the connection_aborted()
function. This function will return TRUE if the connection was
aborted.
Your script can also be terminated by the built-in script timer. The default timeout is 30 seconds. It can be changed using the max_execution_time php.ini directive or the corresponding php_value max_execution_time Apache httpd.conf directive as well as with the set_time_limit() function. When the timer expires the script will be aborted and as with the above client disconnect case, if a shutdown function has been registered it will be called. Within this shutdown function you can check to see if a timeout caused the shutdown function to be called by calling the connection_status() function. This function will return 2 if a timeout caused the shutdown function to be called.
One thing to note is that both the ABORTED and the TIMEOUT states can be active at the same time. This is possible if you tell PHP to ignore user aborts. PHP will still note the fact that a user may have broken the connection, but the script will keep running. If it then hits the time limit it will be aborted and your shutdown function, if any, will be called. At this point you will find that connection_status() returns 3.
add a note
User Contributed Notes 17 notes
Ilya Penyaev ¶
8 months ago
Anonymous ¶
5 years ago
in regards of posting from:
arr1 at hotmail dot co dot uk
if you use/write sessions you need to do this before:
(otherwise it does not work)
session_write_close();
and if wanted:
ignore_user_abort(TRUE);
instead of ignore_user_abort();
Lee ¶
8 years ago
The point mentioned in the last comment isn't always the case.
If a user's connection is lost half way through an order processing script is confirming a user's credit card/adding them to a DB, etc (due to their ISP going down, network trouble... whatever) and your script tries to send back output (such as, "pre-processing order" or any other type of confirmation), then your script will abort -- and this could cause problems for your process.
I have an order script that adds data to a InnoDB database (through MySQL) and only commits the transactions upon successful completion. Without ignore_user_abort(), I have had times when a user's connection dropped during the processing phase... and their card was charged, but they weren't added to my local DB.
So, it's always safe to ignore any aborts if you are processing sensitive transactions that should go ahead, whether your user is "watching" on the other end or not.
pulstar at mail dot com ¶
9 years ago
These functions are very useful for example if you need to control when a visitor in your website place an order and you need to check if he/she didn't clicked the submit button twice or cancelled the submit just after have clicked the submit button.
If your visitor click the stop button just after have submitted it, your script may stop in the middle of the process of registering the products and do not finish the list, generating inconsistency in your database.
With the ignore_user_abort() function you can make your script finish everything fine and after you can check with register_shutdown_function() and connection_aborted() if the visitor cancelled the submission or lost his/her connection. If he/she did, you can set the order as not confirmed and when the visitor came back, you can present the old order again.
To prevent a double click of the submit button, you can disable it with javascript or in your script you can set a flag for that order, which will be recorded into the database. Before accept a new submission, the script will check if the same order was not placed before and reject it. This will work fine, as the script have finished the job before.
Note that if you use ob_start("callback_function") in the begin of your script, you can specify a callback function that will act like the shutdown function when our script ends and also will let you to work on the generated page before send it to the visitor.
Jean Charles MAMMANA ¶
5 years ago
connection_status() return ABORTED state ONLY if the client disconnects gracefully (with STOP button). In this case the browser send the RST TCP packet that notify PHP the connection is closed.
But.... If the connection is stopped by networs troubles (wifi link down by exemple) the script doesn't know that the client is disconnected :(
I've tried to use fopen("php://output") with stream_select() on writting to detect write locks (due to full buffer) but php give me this error : "cannot represent a stream of type Output as a select()able descriptor"
So I don't know how to detect correctly network trouble connection...
a1n2ton at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
PHP changes directory on connection abort so code like this will not do what you want:
<?php
function abort()
{
if(connection_aborted())
unlink('file.ini');
}
register_shutdown_function('abort');
?>
actually it will delete file in apaches's root dir so if you want to unlink file in your script's dir on abort or write to it you have to store directory
<?php
function abort()
{
global $dsd;
if(connection_aborted())
unlink($dsd.'/file.ini');
}
register_shutdown_function('abort');
$dsd=getcwd();
?>
arr1 at hotmail dot co dot uk ¶
6 years ago
Closing the users browser connection whilst keeping your php script running has been an issue since 4.1, when the behaviour of register_shutdown_function() was modified so that it would not automatically close the users connection.
sts at mail dot xubion dot hu
Posted the original solution:
<?php
header("Connection: close");
ob_start();
phpinfo();
$size=ob_get_length();
header("Content-Length: $size");
ob_end_flush();
flush();
sleep(13);
error_log("do something in the background");
?>
Which works fine until you substitute phpinfo() for
echo ('text I want user to see'); in which case the headers are never sent!
The solution is to explicitly turn off output buffering and clear the buffer prior to sending your header information.
example:
<?php
ob_end_clean();
header("Connection: close");
ignore_user_abort(); // optional
ob_start();
echo ('Text the user will see');
$size = ob_get_length();
header("Content-Length: $size");
ob_end_flush(); // Strange behaviour, will not work
flush(); // Unless both are called !
// Do processing here
sleep(30);
echo('Text user will never see');
?>
Just spent 3 hours trying to figure this one out, hope it helps someone :)
Tested in:
IE 7.5730.11
Mozilla Firefox 1.81
tomas dot burba at softneta dot lt ¶
29 days ago
Even with ob_flush() and flush(), PHP may be unable to detect the connection status change due to *a firewall on client's machine*.
Consider a browser receiving the output of a script. The script regularly outputs something innocent, like "<br>".
a) The Stop button is pressed. The browser instructs to close the connection gracefully, TCP/IP stack exchanges those final FIN and ACK packets, and the server knows that the client went away.
b) The entire browser is killed. The client's stack sees that nobody is using the socket, so the next data packet from server will be answered with a TCP RST, and the server immediately knows there is no client.
But, a stealth firewall is designed to block those RST messages as well. The server's stack will only see absence of ACK replies, and therefore will occasionally retransmit the entire bunch of accumulated data. Only after a certain number of retransmission failures, this will be considered a connection loss and propagated up to PHP.
In my case, turning off the Comodo Firewall at the client changed the situation immediately.
com -> gmail -> jshanman ¶
9 months ago
if you are using fcgid on apache and are having trouble getting post processing to work, set FcgidOutputBufferSize 0 in apache config and sleep(1) in your php script before doing the post processing.
tom lgold2003 at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
hey, thanks to arr1, and it is very useful for me, when I need to return to the user fast and then do something else.
When using the codes, it nearly drive me mad and I found another thing that may affect the codes:
Content-Encoding: gzip
This is because the zlib is on and the content will be compressed. But this will not output the buffer until all output is over.
So, it may need to send the header to prevent this problem.
now, the code becomes:
<?php
ob_end_clean();
header("Connection: close\r\n");
header("Content-Encoding: none\r\n");
ignore_user_abort(true); // optional
ob_start();
echo ('Text user will see');
$size = ob_get_length();
header("Content-Length: $size");
ob_end_flush(); // Strange behaviour, will not work
flush(); // Unless both are called !
ob_end_clean();
//do processing here
sleep(5);
echo('Text user will never see');
//do some processing
?>
alan at burrist dot co dot uk ¶
4 years ago
A simple but useful packaging of arr1's suggestion for continuing processing after telling the the browser that output is finished.
I always redirect when a request requires some processing (so we don't do it twice on refresh) which makes things easy...
<?php
function redirect_and_continue($sURL)
{
header( "Location: ".$sURL ) ;
ob_end_clean(); //arr1s code
header("Connection: close");
ignore_user_abort();
ob_start();
header("Content-Length: 0");
ob_end_flush();
flush(); // end arr1s code
session_write_close(); // as pointed out by Anonymous
}
?>
Of course this won't work if the output has started - but the a simple redirect wouldn't work anyway.
UPDATE: To get this to work on IIS 7 you need to switch off IIS output buffering by adding responseBufferLimit="0" to the relevant handler in your web.config
Thanks for the tip arr1
bg at ms dot com ¶
7 years ago
Confirmed. User presses STOP button. This sends a RST packet and closes the connection. PHP is most certainly immediately affected (i.e., the script is stopped, whether or not any output is pending for the user, or even if script is just grinding away on a database without having output anything).
ignore_user_abort() exists to prevent this.
If user STOPS, script ignores the RST and runs to completion (the output is apparently ignored by apache and not sent to the user, who sent the RST and closed the TCP connection). If user's connection just vanishes (isp problem, disconnect, whatever), and there is no RST sent by user, then eventually the script will timeout.
hrgan at melibado dot com ¶
8 years ago
As it was said, connection handling is very useful when web application need to do something in background. I found it very useful when application need something from database, wrap that data with template, create some html files and save it to filesystem. And all that on server with heavy load. Without connection handling - function ignore_user_abort() - this process can be interrupted by user and final step will never be done.
ej at campbell *dot* name ¶
9 years ago
I don't think the first example given below will occur in the real world.
As long as your order handling script does not output anything, there's no way that it will be aborted before it completes processing (unless it timeouts). PHP only senses user aborts when a script sends output. If there's no output sent to the client before processing completes, which is presumably the case for an order handling script, the script will run to completion.
So, the only time a script can be terminated due to the user hitting stop is when it sends output. If you don't send any output until processing completes, you don't have to worry about user aborts.
pgl at yoyo dot org ¶
1 year ago
If you just want a script that will instantly disconnect the browser and then continue processing, this seems to work:
<?php
header("Content-Length: 0");
header("Connection: close");
flush();
// browser should disconnect at this point
?>
Anonymous ¶
1 year ago
This simple function outputs a string and closes the connection. It considers compression using "ob_gzhandler"
It took me a little while to put this all together, mostly because setting the encoding to none, as some people noted here, didn't work.
<?php
function outputStringAndCloseConnection2($stringToOutput)
{
set_time_limit(0);
ignore_user_abort(true);
// buffer all upcoming output - make sure we care about compression:
if(!ob_start("ob_gzhandler"))
ob_start();
echo $stringToOutput;
// get the size of the output
$size = ob_get_length();
// send headers to tell the browser to close the connection
header("Content-Length: $size");
header('Connection: close');
// flush all output
ob_end_flush();
ob_flush();
flush();
// close current session
if (session_id()) session_write_close();
}
?>
fanfear at yahoo dot com ¶
4 years ago
i use this code when i want php infinite loop
<?php
set_time_limit (0);//run script forever
ignore_user_abort ();//run script in background
$i = 0;
echo "start\n";
while (1) {
$i++;
echo $i, "\n";
$sleep = sleep (3);
if ($sleep == 0 or $sleep or $sleep == FALSE) continue;
if (connection_aborted ()) continue;
if (connection_status () != 0) continue;
}
?>